Allergic Rhinitis: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
If you find yourself sneezing frequently, battling nasal congestion, or dealing with a persistent runny nose, you’re not alone. Allergic rhinitis is a common condition in Singapore, affecting about 13% of the population.
Characterised by an overreaction of the immune system to allergens like dust mites, pollen, or mould, it can disrupt sleep, productivity, and overall quality of life.
In this blog, we’ll explore everything you need to know about allergic rhinitis, including its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.
Key Takeaways
- Colds and COVID-19 can overlap with allergic rhinitis, although fever and body aches are less typical of allergies.- Allergic rhinitis is common in Singapore, causing symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, itchy eyes and a runny nose.
- It stems from a mix of environmental triggers, genetic predisposition and lifestyle, with allergens like pollen, dust mites, mould spores and pet dander.
- Diagnosis is usually clinical, with skin-prick or blood testing used when needed to identify possible allergens.
- Telling allergic rhinitis apart from a cold or COVID-19 matters, since colds start with a sore throat and COVID often brings fever and loss of taste or smell.
- Other options include saline irrigation and, for suitable patients, immunotherapy by injections (SCIT) or sublingual tablets (SLIT).
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
- Sneezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Itchy or watery eyes
- Postnasal drip
- Coughing
- Fatigue
If symptoms last for more than 12 weeks, it is considered chronic allergic rhinitis. On the other hand, acute rhinitis is characterised by symptoms that persist for only a few days or up to four weeks.
Allergic rhinitis has two main types based on when symptoms occur: perennial (year-round), which is usually caused by indoor allergens that persist regardless of the season, and seasonal, which is sporadic or occurs during specific times of the year.
However, allergic rhinitis symptoms can often be mistaken for the common cold. For instance, sneezing is a natural reflex to clear irritants from the nasal passages. But when it becomes persistent and is paired with symptoms like a runny nose, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion, it may indicate allergic rhinitis. Unlike colds, which resolve within a week or two and often include sore throat, body aches, or fever, allergic rhinitis persists as long as allergens are present.
A runny nose can also indicate a more serious condition like COVID-19, so distinguishing symptoms is essential. In contrast to allergic rhinitis and the common cold, COVID-19 presents a wider range of symptoms, including high fever, persistent cough, severe fatigue, and, in some cases, a notable loss of taste or smell. Recognising these differences can help identify the cause and seek appropriate care.
For more information on allergic rhinitis symptoms, book a consultation with ENT specialist Dr Dennis Chua today.
Common Causes of Allergic Rhinitis
A combination of environmental triggers, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle factors often cause allergic rhinitis. Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mould spores, and pet dander are primary culprits. However, genetic factors play a role, wherein individuals are more likely to develop allergic rhinitis if one or both parents have allergies. Poor air quality, including pollution and tobacco smoke, can also worsen nasal congestion and irritation.
Certain foods, such as dairy products, foods high in histamine, seafood, and nuts and seeds, can also exacerbate symptoms.
If you think you might have allergic rhinitis, obtaining a medical diagnosis is essential. An ENT specialist will conduct a comprehensive assessment and may suggest allergy testing to pinpoint the specific allergens causing your symptoms. Typical tests include skin prick testing and blood tests to detect allergen-specific antibodies.
Book an appointment with Dr Dennis Chua to learn more.
How to Prevent or Minimise Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
While allergic rhinitis cannot be cured completely, there are several strategies to manage symptoms effectively. Whether you’re dealing with mild discomfort or persistent nasal issues, these steps can help reduce the severity and frequency of your symptoms.
Identify and Avoid Triggers. Understanding your triggers is the first step in managing allergic rhinitis. In Singapore, common allergens include:
- Dust Mites: Wash bedding weekly in hot water, vacuum carpets frequently, and use dust-proof covers on mattresses and pillows.
- Mould: Minimise indoor humidity using dehumidifiers and regularly clean damp areas, such as bathrooms and kitchens.
- Pet Dander: If you’re sensitive to pets, groom them regularly and keep them out of bedrooms or furniture-heavy areas.
Small changes in your living environment can significantly reduce exposure to these triggers and lessen your symptoms.
- Use Air Purifiers: Install HEPA filters to capture airborne allergens like dust and pollen in your home.
- Keep Windows Closed: This helps prevent outdoor allergens, such as pollen, from entering your home or workplace.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking water helps thin mucus, making it easier to clear nasal passages and reduce congestion.
- Monitor Air Quality: Be mindful of air pollution levels and limit outdoor activities on high-pollen or poor air quality days.
Over-the-Counter Remedies. Medications can provide quick relief for allergic rhinitis symptoms, such as:
- Antihistamines: These medications block the effects of histamines, reducing sneezing, itching, and runny nose.
- Nasal Sprays: TCorticosteroid sprays are highly effective for reducing inflammation and nasal congestion when used consistently.
- Decongestants: These offer temporary relief from stuffy noses but should not be used for prolonged periods due to potential side effects.
Natural treatments for allergic rhinitis offer alternative ways to manage symptoms and boost overall well-being. Steam inhalation with essential oils like eucalyptus and peppermint can soothe nasal passages, while saline nasal irrigation helps clear allergens. Vitamin C, found in citrus fruits and vegetables, acts as a natural antihistamine, and turmeric’s anti-inflammatory properties may ease nasal inflammation. Acupuncture has also been shown to be an effective medication for some, and herbal remedies such as stinging nettle and ginger may also provide relief.
Immunotherapy is another treatment option, which works by gradually desensitising the immune system to specific allergens. It aims to reduce or even eliminate allergic reactions over time. Administered either as injections under the skin (subcutaneous immunotherapy or SCIT) or drops or tablets under the tongue (sublingual immunotherapy or SLIT), immunotherapy provides a long-term solution compared to conventional treatments like antihistamines and nasal sprays.
Always consult a healthcare professional to ensure treatments are appropriate for your specific needs. Book an appointment with Dr Dennis Chua for more information.
Take Control of Your Allergies
Allergic rhinitis in Singapore is a prevalent condition that affects many residents, but it doesn’t have to take over your life. By understanding its common triggers, adopting preventative measures, and seeking professional care when necessary, you can manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Most importantly, don’t hesitate to consult an ENT specialist for a personalised treatment plan. Schedule an appointment with Dr Dennis Chua today to learn more about your options. With the proper support and strategies, you can finally breathe easy.
If you have questions or concerns about your ears, nose, and throat,
you may book a consultation with Dr Dennis Chua, an ENT specialist in Singapore.
He has completed his training in otorhinolaryngology locally and attained qualifications internationally.
About Dr Dennis Chua
Dr. Dennis Chua is an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist with more than a decade of experience. He is held in high regard within the field of Otolaryngology, having published many articles in peer reviewed journals on the topic of ENT.
As an ENT Specialist in Singapore, Dr Dennis Chua is committed to providing thorough, patient-centred care for both adults and children. Whether you’re managing allergies, sinus problems, hearing issues, or throat concerns, we take time to understand your condition and guide you through your treatment options.
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